One of the best things about Enemy at the Gates is the deadly game of cat and mouse between Jude Law and Ed Harris. Two expert snipers hunting each other through the ruins of Stalingrad, knowing that one mistake could get them killed.

It's a terrific premise for a movie. But did it actually happen?

Well, half of it certainly did.

The Real Vassili Zaitsev

Jude Law's character, Vassili Zaitsev, was a real Soviet sniper who became famous during the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942. He was credited with killing numerous German soldiers, and the Soviet government used his accomplishments to boost morale during one of the most desperate battles of World War II.

So the movie's central character wasn't invented, and neither was his reputation.

But what about Major König, the German sniper played so convincingly by Ed Harris?

That's where things get interesting.

Was Major König a Real Person?

According to the story, the Germans sent an expert sniper named Major Erwin König to Stalingrad specifically to eliminate Zaitsev. The two men supposedly spent several days hunting each other before their confrontation ended.

Zaitsev himself described such a duel in his memoirs.

The problem is that historians have never found convincing German records establishing that König existed. Historian Antony Beevor, who extensively researched the Battle of Stalingrad, concluded that the famous duel was likely a Soviet propaganda invention.

That doesn't absolutely prove Zaitsev never fought another skilled German sniper. It does mean there's no reliable independent evidence confirming the particular confrontation depicted in the movie.

And there's something rather ironic about that.

Enemy at the Gates tells the story of a government turning a talented soldier into a national hero through propaganda. Yet the movie's central confrontation may itself have originated in that same propaganda.

Does that make the movie any less entertaining?

Not to me. Jude Law and Ed Harris make the confrontation so believable that I'm perfectly happy to accept it as a great piece of filmmaking, even if history can't back it up.